Unit+VII+Notes

=Totalitarianism=

Definition

 * A government that controls every aspect of it;s citizens lives. An authoritarian government led by a strong dictator that exercises complete authority over the nation.
 * Street talk-a government that is oppressive, gives people no rights, uses fear to intimidate it's people and watches their every move.

More...

 * There is usually an official ideology that everyone is forced to follow.
 * Consists of: Secret Police, propaganda, brainwashing, Terror, and eliminating independence.

Dictator

 * He is not usually elected by popular vote.
 * He makes all the decisions for the country.
 * He represents the ideology of the country.
 * Like a king but no hereditary and his rule is based on his ideology.

Fascism

 * Believe in the constant competition of races and nations, where the strong will survive and the weak will be dominated by the strong.
 * One party rule. Forbid any opposition to the government.
 * Economy is collectively operative by owners, workers, and the government.
 * Example: Italy and Spain

Nazism

 * German form of Fascism.
 * Belief in the superiority of the Aryan Race.
 * Strong, centralized government under the Fuhrer-Adolf Hitler
 * The Nazis proclaimed to have the people's will as their top priority.
 * Nazism involved nationalism, a strong sense of militarism, and a desire to expand.

Communism

 * Classless society where everyone is equal-egalitariansim.
 * The workers were the most important part of the nation.
 * Based on the works of Karl Marx and later Vladimir Lenin.
 * The government plans the economy and redistributes property/resources based on need.

=The Rise of Hitler=

Bitter Soldier

 * Hitler was a highly decorated soldier in WWI
 * He felt stabbed in the back when the country surrendered in 1918
 * Hitler took leadership of the Nazi party in 1921 during the depression in Germany.

Nazi Party

 * Originally know as the German Worker's Party but later was known as the Nazi Party.
 * Promoted the idea of revoking the Treaty of Versailles, taking away the rights of Jews, and using the profits of capitalism to build up the nation of Germany.
 * This was the basis of what Hitler called the "Third Reich."

The Beer Hall Putsch

 * In 1923 the Nazi Party was tiny.
 * Hitler wanted to protest the fact that the Weimar republic was willing to pay the reparations.
 * He marched in Munich demanding the overthrow of the government.
 * He was arrested for treason.

Hitler in Prison

 * Hitler was sentenced to five years in prison for treason.
 * He was released after nine months because of pressure on the government from the Nazi party.
 * While in prison he wrote his famous //Mein Kampf//

Rise to Political Power

 * Hitler used his popularity and book to rise to power
 * Great speaker - gave speeches to the masses about Germany becoming great again.
 * Nazi party=18% of vote in 1930;30% of vote in 1932
 * Became chancellor in 1932

Appeal of Hitler

 * Hitler was an excellent public speaker and gave passionate speeches that appealed to German nationalism.
 * He was a military war hero
 * The country was in deep depression and sought strong economic leadership.
 * Hitler apealed to business owners because he was anti-communist

The SA/SS

 * Known as the "Brown Shirts," these soldiers would enforce the Nazi Ideology, put down opposition, beat up jews and anti-Nazi voters
 * SS was the personal guard of Hitler
 * 400,000 by 1932

Total Power

 * The Reichstag was set on fire in 1933. I was blamed on the communists.
 * Hitler convinced President Hindenburg to suspend civil liberties and give him the power of congress to protect the nation
 * Hindenburg died in 1934. The presidency was taken away and Hitler declared himself dictator.

Night of the Long Knives

 * In 1934, Hitler took out all opposition to the Nazi party.
 * He killed 70 officials accused of "treason."
 * He killed Rohm, the leader of the SA and made the army swear

Pre-War

 * No political opposition to Hitler.
 * Economy was doing well.
 * First concentration camp established in 1933.
 * He began preparations for war.