Unit+V+Notes

Total War
War that involves countries using all people and all resources to win a war.

Expected Outcome
People thought that World War I would be done in less than a year.

Schlieffen Plan
The Germany Strategy to win the war.

They wanted to quickly defeat France and then focus on Russia.

Isolationism
The policy of staying out of wars that are not geographically close to home.

President Woodrow Wilson and the U.S. did not want to get involved with Europe's dirty laundry.

First Battle of the Marne
Part of the Schlieffen plan was to sweep through Belgium and push through france at the First battle of the Marne River.

Trench Warfare
Trench warfare took place on the Western Front.

Came after the Battle of the Marne and resulted in a stalemate.

Life in the Trenches
Trench Warfare lasted from 1914-1918.

To prevent foot rot, "duck boards" were laced on the ground to walk around.

No Man's Land and Gas!
No man's Land was the area between the trenches. The idea was that no man should be out there if they wanted to live.

Big Bertha
Also referred to as the Howitzer was an example of German heavy artillery used to destroy forts in France and Belgium.

Mass genocide by the government of the Ottoman Empire targeting the Armenian people.

 * Genocide: organized killing of any religious, ethnic, or political group of people with the aim of complete or partial extermination/destruction


 * General acts: expropriation(all of Armenian wealth), abduction and torture(largely women and children), starvation and dehydration (forced to march to Syria through desert)

Dates

 * Conventional starting date: April 14th, 1915
 * Lasted from 1914-1918, largely during World War I

Responsible Parties

 * Committee of Union and Progress(CUP)-leading political party of the Ottoman Empire, also known as the Young Turks
 * Ideologists

Human Costs

 * 1 1/2 million perished
 * 2 million lived in the Ottoman Empire before WWI
 * 1+ Million deported in 1915
 * Hundreds of thousands butchered outright
 * others died of starvation, exhaustion, and diseases that ravaged concentration camps

The United States Entrance of The War
U.S policy- Isolationism U.S economy prosperous before getting involved Wilson helped the war effort

Reason to join war Russians destroyed American fleet

Germany's message to Mexico was against the U.S Entered the war in 1917

Major Battles

Third battle of Aisne Battle of Cantigny

Battle of Belleu Wood

Fought on Western front Broke stalemate in France's favor

Around 116,000 killed

Roles after war fought for 2 years in war

Woodrow Wilson Ruled from 1913-1921 He lived for 68 years most know for his fourteen points

Lusitania Ship sunk by Germans

Zimmerman note Germany note to Mexico against U.S

Germany Falls

 * Germany was running low on food and supplies to keep fighting
 * Ludendorff attempted one last offensive at the 2nd Battle of the Marne
 * The allies defeated them and the Germans were forced to withdraw

Armistice Signed

 * Armistice- an agreement to stop fighting until an official treaty is reached
 * 11/11/1918
 * Germany agreed to sign if Woodrow Wilson would put his 14 point plan forward

Fourteen Points

 * Outlined measure to maintain peace after WWI
 * No secret alliances
 * Freedom of the Sea
 * Free Trade
 * Sovereignty of Belgium and Austria-Hungary (Became Austria and Hungary)
 * League of Nations

Paris Peace Conference

 * "Big Four"- Woodrow Wilson (US), Neville Chamberlain (UK), Georges Clemenceau (France), Vittorio Orlando (Italy).
 * Russia, Germany, and German allies were not represented at the conference.
 * Germany's fate was left to the Big Four.